- Nous voici sur la colline /küngas/ Toompea, le berceau /sünnipaik/ de Tallinn.
- Quelle belle vue /vaade/ sur la ville basse /madal, all-/! Comme c´est joli! Mais d´où vient /tuleb/ le nom de Tallinn?
- Ce mot est d´origine estonienne et veut dire "la ville danoise". En 1219 les croisés /ristisõdija/ danois, ayant conquis /vallutama/ le bourg /alev/ fortifié /kindlustama/ des anciens Estoniens, y érigèrent /püstitama/ leur citadelle /linnus/.
- Mais avant /varem/ votre ville s´appelait Reval.
- Ce nom est aussi estonien. Avant l´arrivée des croisés, la colline /küngas/ Toompea était le centre de la région /piirkond/ Rävala dont /millest/ s´est développé /arenema, tulenema/ le nom de la ville Reval. Mais les Estoniens aux-mêmes /ise/ l´appelaient /nimetasid/ Lyndanisä, ce qui signifie /tähendama/ "le sein /rind/ de Linda".
- Linda? L´épouse /abikaasa/ de Kalev et la mère de Kalevipoeg?
- Exactement! /just/ D´après la légende, la butte /küngas/ Toompea est le tombeau /haud/ du roi Kalev. Ici /siia/ Linda a enterré /matma/ son mari, montant /kandma/ sur la tombe une énorme /väga suur/ quantité /hulk/ de pierres. C´est ainsi /nii/ que s´est formée /tekkima/ toute une montagne - le bereceau /sünnikoht/ de Tallinn. Mais qu´est-ce que /mida/ vous préférez, Jasques, la haute ville ou la ville basse?
- Ça dépend /sõltuma/. Il est difficile /raske/ de donner la préférence /eelis/ à l´une ou à l´autre. A mon avis /minu arvates/ la ville basse /all-linn/a mieux conservé /säilinud/ son visage /nägu/ médiéval /keskaegne/.
- Vraiment /tõepoolest/, la place de l´Hôtel de Ville, le passage /läbikäik/ du Pain, celui /see/ de la Bourse /börs, kukkur/, les clochers /kellatorn/, des églises Saint-Olaf, Saint-Espirit, Saint-Nicolas, mettent /panema/ à Tallinn cette empreinte /jälg/ prononcée /selge/ des villes nordiques du XVème siècle.
- Et ajoutons /lisame/ à cela /neile/ l´enceinte /linnamüür/ de la ville avec ses nombreuses tours /tornid/, les toits /katused/ pointus /terav, torkav/ des vieilles demeures /elamu/, les ruelles étroites /kitsad/ et tortueuses /looklevad/, les girouettes /tuulelipud/ et les réverbères /tänavalaternad/.
- Oui, Tallinn a son /oma/ visage /nägu/ à lui. Prenons /võtame/ la rue Pikk, par example. Tous /kõik/ les styles y sont représentés. Le style gothique de la maison de la Grande Guilde s´harmonise bien avec le modern style /juugendstiil/ des maisons d´à côté /kõrval/. Une époque succède /järgnema/ à l´autre.
- A propos /muide/, savez-vous ce que veut dire "la rue Pikk"?
- Cela /see/ signifie "la rue longue".
- Vraiment /tõesti/?
- Oui, et sa rue parallèle veut dire "la rue large".
- Vous voyez, Catherine, combien certaines notions /mõiste/ peuvent changer avec le temps. Comme c´est dommage que je sois né /et ma olen sündinud/ si tard /nii hilja/. Il y a quelques siécles, j´aurais passé /oleks peetud/ pour un bel homme!
Saturday, May 15, 2010
TEA (B)
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Vous pourriez baisser le son?
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Ils habitent en banlieue.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Cyril est très bavard.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je n´ai pas besoin d´aide.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Je vais à l´école à bicyclette.
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- Tu as bien dormi?
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- C´est bizarre, il n´y a personne ici.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- L´argent ne fait pas le bonheur.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Il bouge sans arrêt.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- Je bronze facilement.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- David a brûlé ses vieux cachiers.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
- Je vois ma mère au bureau.
La Diplomatie (mai 2010)
This issue of Diplomatie focuses /keskendub/ on the most urgent /kiire/ security questions facing the Western community today: the future of NATO and the war in Afganistan.
Ambassador K. V. writes about NATO´s new strategic concept, the vision for which is due /tähtaeg/ to be released /antase välja/ by the NATO expert group in the coming days. According to V, the expert group done an admirable job and focused on the right questions but, taking account /arvesse võttes/ of the global situtation, much more is needed. "The process of developing /arendades/ a new Strategic Concept had demonstrated an even bigger truth: the challenges /väljakutsed/ facing our transatlantic community are far /palju/ greater than can be addressed /käsitletakse/ in a NATO strategic concept alone," states V. In the 21st century the international order - the context in which NATO carries out /teostab, viib läbi/ its duties - is being challenged /proovile panema/ fundamentally /põhjapanevalt/. The calls for /kutse/ a new approach /lähenemine/ to all of our assumptions /eeldused/ and institutions, not just NATO. We needed not only to renew NATO´s Strategic Concept; we need /me peame/ to renew /uuendama/ our commitment /pühendumine/ to a broad-based /laiapõhjaline/ and vibrant /elavale/ international order conductive /juhtiv/ to the realisation of democratic values, not just power politics /jõupoliitikat/. As in the 1940s, our leaders must act today to define /defineerima/ the kind of world we will live in decades from now."
According /kohaselt/ to V, several things are needed: "First we must look beyond /kaugemale/ the day-today... Each of the individual crises being tackled /maadeldakse/ in our own nations is in the fact related /seotud/ to the broader /laiem/ strains /pingutused/ on an international order. We cannot leave these challenges to bureaucracies /bürokraatiatele/, and we cannot tackle /maaldema/ these larger trends if we acting through dozens /tosin/ of piecemeal /tükiviisi/ approaches /lähenemisi/."
Secondly, "we need a big vision, not a series of smaller ones. Many of our actions thus /nõnda/ far have been limited /piiratud/ and process-oriented. We must not simply implement /täide viima/ the Lissbon Treaty, or reform NATO, or write a new document. We must reach beyond /kaugemale, üle/ do in our generation what a predecessor /eelnev/ generation did for us: lay /asetab/the foundations /alused/ of a international order that will nurture /toitma/ democratic, market economic and global security for decades to come /tulevateks kümnenditeks/."
And thirdly, "with the right vision, we need a strategy, and the best strategy is "Allies /liitlased/ first". In domestic politics base before reaching out /püüdes/ to to tackle /lahendama/ the broader /laiem/ electorate. In the international community, like-minded /sarnaselt mõtlevad/ democratic Allies /liitlased/ are our base. "
T.V. from the Centre for European Reform writes about the relenionship between NATO and Russia. According to him, the right way forward would be a dual-track /kahe tee/ policy of reassurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures /meetmed/ inside the Alliance and a "reset" /uuesti alustama/ policy in its relationship with Russia: "Ressurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures, if done right, would take away the opportunities - and the incentives /motiivid, ajendid/ - for a Russian goverement to pit /vastu seadma/ one NATO member against another, as it has done in recent years. This would not preclude /välistama/ closer co-operation on other issue such as missile /raketi/ defence; on the contrary /vastupidiselt/: Russia understands clarity and stength. By putting in place a combination of reset /uuesti alustama/ and reassurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures, NATO would send a clear message that while it would not hesitate /kõhklema/ to act against Russia should it undermine /vähendama, õõnestama/ the security of any ally /liitlane/, the alliance would rather /pigem/ have a co-operative relationship with Moscow."
Polish analysts B.G.-W. and O.O. discuss Poland realtionship with the United States and Poland´s vision of the Baltic Sea area. According to G.W, Poland has not managed /ei õnnestunud/to achieve /saavutada/ any of its recent US-related foreign policy goals. Consequently /järelikult/, Polish policy vis-à-vis /silmast silma/ the US has been based on unrealistic assumptions /eeldused/ and has to be redefined - although the room for manoeuvre /manööverdamisruum/ is limited /piiratud/. O analyses the reason why the Baltic Sea region has never figured /esinenud/ very prominently /silmapaistnud/ in Poland´s world view, even though some leaders have tried to position Poland as a Baltic Sea power. He predicts /ennustab/ that the current /praegune/ tensions /pinge/ inside the European Union and the EU´s growing regionalisation may offer another chance to make Poland more receptive /vastuvõtlik/ to and interested in the challenges and opportunities /võimalused/ emerging /tulenevad/ from the region.
R.T. and R.T. - both of whom have backgrounds /taust/ in the Estonian military - discuss what it will take /on vaja/ to win in Afghanistan. T. demonstrates how badly the West is prepared to deal /tegutsema/ with fourth generation warfare /sõjapidamine/- the measures at our disposal /käsutuses olevad/ that used to bring /tõid/ success are now all too often counterproductive /mitte viljakas/. According to him, as a small country Estonia could become a pioneer in applying /kohaldama, rakendama/ more compreshensive /igakülgne/ approcaches /lähenemisi/. According to T., for the first time since 2001 the Western alies have a realistic strategy in Afghanistan that gives them a chance to win - although the challenges are big and many crucial /olulised/ questions are still unanswered.
J.L from the State Chancellery´s EU Secretariat writes about the economic crisis and the problems of the Eurozone. According /kohaselt/ to him, Greece may be in crisis, but the tensions /pinged/ affecting /mõjutvad/ the Eurozone as a whole are a natural, if not pre-progammed /etteprogrammeeritud/ part of its develeopment.
The book reviews also focus on economics: MEP I.T. has been reading about "meltdown /katastroof/ of Iceland"; and freelance /vabakutseline/ secuirty analyst I.E. has studidied the connections /sidemed/ between Israel´s army and the its economy in Dan Senor and Saul Singer´s book Start-up /algus, käivitaja/ Nation.
Ambassador K. V. writes about NATO´s new strategic concept, the vision for which is due /tähtaeg/ to be released /antase välja/ by the NATO expert group in the coming days. According to V, the expert group done an admirable job and focused on the right questions but, taking account /arvesse võttes/ of the global situtation, much more is needed. "The process of developing /arendades/ a new Strategic Concept had demonstrated an even bigger truth: the challenges /väljakutsed/ facing our transatlantic community are far /palju/ greater than can be addressed /käsitletakse/ in a NATO strategic concept alone," states V. In the 21st century the international order - the context in which NATO carries out /teostab, viib läbi/ its duties - is being challenged /proovile panema/ fundamentally /põhjapanevalt/. The calls for /kutse/ a new approach /lähenemine/ to all of our assumptions /eeldused/ and institutions, not just NATO. We needed not only to renew NATO´s Strategic Concept; we need /me peame/ to renew /uuendama/ our commitment /pühendumine/ to a broad-based /laiapõhjaline/ and vibrant /elavale/ international order conductive /juhtiv/ to the realisation of democratic values, not just power politics /jõupoliitikat/. As in the 1940s, our leaders must act today to define /defineerima/ the kind of world we will live in decades from now."
According /kohaselt/ to V, several things are needed: "First we must look beyond /kaugemale/ the day-today... Each of the individual crises being tackled /maadeldakse/ in our own nations is in the fact related /seotud/ to the broader /laiem/ strains /pingutused/ on an international order. We cannot leave these challenges to bureaucracies /bürokraatiatele/, and we cannot tackle /maaldema/ these larger trends if we acting through dozens /tosin/ of piecemeal /tükiviisi/ approaches /lähenemisi/."
Secondly, "we need a big vision, not a series of smaller ones. Many of our actions thus /nõnda/ far have been limited /piiratud/ and process-oriented. We must not simply implement /täide viima/ the Lissbon Treaty, or reform NATO, or write a new document. We must reach beyond /kaugemale, üle/ do in our generation what a predecessor /eelnev/ generation did for us: lay /asetab/the foundations /alused/ of a international order that will nurture /toitma/ democratic, market economic and global security for decades to come /tulevateks kümnenditeks/."
And thirdly, "with the right vision, we need a strategy, and the best strategy is "Allies /liitlased/ first". In domestic politics base before reaching out /püüdes/ to to tackle /lahendama/ the broader /laiem/ electorate. In the international community, like-minded /sarnaselt mõtlevad/ democratic Allies /liitlased/ are our base. "
T.V. from the Centre for European Reform writes about the relenionship between NATO and Russia. According to him, the right way forward would be a dual-track /kahe tee/ policy of reassurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures /meetmed/ inside the Alliance and a "reset" /uuesti alustama/ policy in its relationship with Russia: "Ressurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures, if done right, would take away the opportunities - and the incentives /motiivid, ajendid/ - for a Russian goverement to pit /vastu seadma/ one NATO member against another, as it has done in recent years. This would not preclude /välistama/ closer co-operation on other issue such as missile /raketi/ defence; on the contrary /vastupidiselt/: Russia understands clarity and stength. By putting in place a combination of reset /uuesti alustama/ and reassurance /uuesti kinnitama/ measures, NATO would send a clear message that while it would not hesitate /kõhklema/ to act against Russia should it undermine /vähendama, õõnestama/ the security of any ally /liitlane/, the alliance would rather /pigem/ have a co-operative relationship with Moscow."
Polish analysts B.G.-W. and O.O. discuss Poland realtionship with the United States and Poland´s vision of the Baltic Sea area. According to G.W, Poland has not managed /ei õnnestunud/to achieve /saavutada/ any of its recent US-related foreign policy goals. Consequently /järelikult/, Polish policy vis-à-vis /silmast silma/ the US has been based on unrealistic assumptions /eeldused/ and has to be redefined - although the room for manoeuvre /manööverdamisruum/ is limited /piiratud/. O analyses the reason why the Baltic Sea region has never figured /esinenud/ very prominently /silmapaistnud/ in Poland´s world view, even though some leaders have tried to position Poland as a Baltic Sea power. He predicts /ennustab/ that the current /praegune/ tensions /pinge/ inside the European Union and the EU´s growing regionalisation may offer another chance to make Poland more receptive /vastuvõtlik/ to and interested in the challenges and opportunities /võimalused/ emerging /tulenevad/ from the region.
R.T. and R.T. - both of whom have backgrounds /taust/ in the Estonian military - discuss what it will take /on vaja/ to win in Afghanistan. T. demonstrates how badly the West is prepared to deal /tegutsema/ with fourth generation warfare /sõjapidamine/- the measures at our disposal /käsutuses olevad/ that used to bring /tõid/ success are now all too often counterproductive /mitte viljakas/. According to him, as a small country Estonia could become a pioneer in applying /kohaldama, rakendama/ more compreshensive /igakülgne/ approcaches /lähenemisi/. According to T., for the first time since 2001 the Western alies have a realistic strategy in Afghanistan that gives them a chance to win - although the challenges are big and many crucial /olulised/ questions are still unanswered.
J.L from the State Chancellery´s EU Secretariat writes about the economic crisis and the problems of the Eurozone. According /kohaselt/ to him, Greece may be in crisis, but the tensions /pinged/ affecting /mõjutvad/ the Eurozone as a whole are a natural, if not pre-progammed /etteprogrammeeritud/ part of its develeopment.
The book reviews also focus on economics: MEP I.T. has been reading about "meltdown /katastroof/ of Iceland"; and freelance /vabakutseline/ secuirty analyst I.E. has studidied the connections /sidemed/ between Israel´s army and the its economy in Dan Senor and Saul Singer´s book Start-up /algus, käivitaja/ Nation.
Monday, May 10, 2010
Päeva tsitaat
Kusjuures suurem osa tänaval "streikijatest" pole elu sees tööl käinudki, vaid on mingid 40aastased üliõpilased, kes veedavad oma päevi USAd ja kapitaliste sõimates, Marxi lugedes ja selle eest palgaga sama suurt stippi saades. Nüüd on muidugi täpe käes... (Delfi, 07.05.2010)
Sunday, May 9, 2010
Francais nr 1
1.Ristsõna
2.Laused
2.Laused
- J´aime l´architecture moderne.
- Il n´apprécie pas beaucoup l´art moderne.
- J´aime leur style.
- Cette cathédrale est de style gothique.
- Combien certaines notions peuvent changer avec le temps.
- Une époque succède à l´autre.
- Le style gothique de la maison de la Grande Guilde s´harmonise bien avec le modern style des maisons d´à côtè.
- Tous les styles y sont représentés.
- Les maisons aux toits pointus sont bien souvent ornées de girouettes et de réverbères.
- Le beffroi de l’Hôtel de Ville avec sa girouette appelée le Vieux Thomas.
Saturday, May 1, 2010
Päevalause
„Mida me küll mõtleksime, kui kellelgi õnnestuks ilu näha päevselgena, puhtana, segamatuna ja kõigest surelikust tühjast-tähjast mitte koormatuna, vaid kui tal õnnestuks vaadelda ainult jumalikku ilu selle ühtsuses? Kas niisuguse inimese elu oleks vilets, kes vaatab sinna, tunnetab alati ilu ja viibib sellega koos?“, küsib Platon.
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